Spiritual Warfare in Islamic Contexts

2026 Vol. 4: Jul/Aug

Spiritual warfare and demonic manifestations in the Muslim world vary—from the Arab Middle East to the Muslim contexts of Africa, Indonesia, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. Rick Love, a prominent missiologist who served for more than twenty years among Muslims, states, “Conservatively we can conclude that over three-quarters of the Islamic world are folk Muslims.” Generally speaking, folk Muslim practices include a strong emphasis on supernatural demonic manifestations.